Current Trends in Cardiac Health Care Research Paper

Current Trends in Cardiac Health Care - Research Paper Example These factors include changes in mortality rates, the demographic descriptions and medical health background of a â€Å"typical† cardiac disease patient, and the types of medical treatment these patients receive. Mortality Rates Patients who are admitted to the hospital for cardiac or cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke, have a mortality rate several times higher than that of general admissions. This is unsurprising, since cardiac disease is much more serious than many conditions that nevertheless require hospitalizations. On the positive side, studies have shown that the mortality rate for patients who are admitted promptly after the beginning of symptoms has been slowly but significantly declining. Statistics show that patients are more likely to admit themselves to the hospital upon signs of an urgent cardiac event; for example, though the number of heart attacks per 1000 persons in California and a decline in hospital admissions in general, there has actually been an increase in hospital admissions for heart attacks (Office of Statewide Planning and Development, 2011). This fits in with the general trend for heart attacks in hospital emergency wards that has been seen since the early 1980s. The rate of heart attack had been dropping steadily from 1980 onward, until about the middle of the 1990s, when a new test had been developed to detect heart attack. Predictably, the statistics then show the rate of heart attacks detected to rise again, but due more to the higher sensitivity of the new test and not to any actual change in the rate of heart attack in the population (Office of Statewide Planning and Development, 2011). Mortality rates for cardiac disease patients are unfortunately also affected by hospital profit and cost of care concerns. Treatment for cardiac disease is becoming a lucrative area of sub-specialization, and many smaller hospitals have begun opening cardiac ICUs and cardiac surgery departments in order to increa se their profitability (Ronning, 2007). However, the mortality and adverse event rates for patients admitted to these smaller hospitals is much higher than those of bigger, more experienced hospitals; if the trend continues, a rise in mortality rates could very well occur (Joynt, Orav, & Jha, 2011). The combination of the cutting-edge nature of cardiac care with a doctor who is unfamiliar with the field in general and does not perform many such treatments greatly affects patient outcome. This correlation has been recognized to the point that cardiac surgeons are recommended to perform a minimum number of invasive cardiac surgeries a year, in order to maintain the proper level of training and familiarity with the procedure (Tu, Austin, & Chan, 2001). Patient Demographics and History The picture of the typical heart disease or cardiac disease patient is also showing changes over time. For example, women are becoming an ever-larger percentage of admissions; in Canada by 2004, women mad e up approximately half of such admissions (Tu, Jackevicius, Lee, & Donovan, 2010). Racial percentages for cardiac-related hospitalizations have also shifted, moving some of the preponderance of patients from the Caucasian segment to other racial groups, though Caucasians still represent the majority of cardiac patients. However, this could be due to the shifting racial proportions of the entire population, and not necessarily due

Developing Cybersecurity Law and Policy Assignment

Developing Cybersecurity Law and Policy - Assignment Example Other sections of the Register include the presidential document, reader aid and federal register xml files. These sections guide the users who are mainly federal agencies on new regulations and prerequisite information to participate in rulemaking (GPO, 2013). The Federal Register is used by the relevant agencies to call for public participation in policy creation (Mead, 2004), as the majority of civil users bring in ideas that may not be available within federal workforce. Citizens are also in a position to keep track of current updates on cyber security laws and regulations. Daily updates ensure continuous information gathering and dissemination since cyber technology is highly dynamic (Cate, 2009). Topic 2: US Cyber Command US Cyber Command is a sub-unit in the US strategic command that was created by the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2010. It is charged with planning, integrating, coordinating, synchronizing and directing military cyber space operations and managing fede ral information networks. This was an essential step in reinforcing the Department of Defense’s capability to remain in control of its information network reducing vulnerability to cyber warfare (Kenneally, 2001). This is especially the case since intelligence information handled in the network should remain protected for national security (Kenneally, 2001). ... The president appoints a cyber security coordinator commonly referred to as the cyber czar who is a government employee. It is necessary that this position be held by the government to control biased service by private institutions that may manipulate the information systems, hence making it more vulnerable to hackers (Kenneally, 2001). Academia may have its practice based on theoretical information, thus less flexible to the dynamics involved in cyber operations. This handicaps its efficiency in service delivery. An individual who is open-minded is the most appropriate to hold this position since they have a realistic approach to cyber security management (Kenneally, 2001). Topic 3: Renewed Interest in Public-Private Partnerships Several frameworks have been put in place to improve cyber security in both the public and private sectors. Public-private partnership is essential for effective protection of U.S assets, infrastructure and economic interest from attack on cyber activities. This kind of partnership enhances information sharing, minimizing the risks of the use of cyber facilities especially in the era of increased global connectivity. Partnership enables pooling of resources required for effective workforce education and training and investment in cyber security (Guttmann et al., 2003). Both the public and private sectors should be actively involved in policy making and setting cyber law that remains ahead of possible risks and in pace with technological developments. It is of importance to create an enabling environment that respects the privacy and civil liberties of all partners involved while at the same time enhancing optimal collaboration in

Race Relations :: essays research papers

1 Race Relations and Modern Church-State Relations Thomas C. Berg* This article concerns religion and race – two controversial subjects that have figured prominently in America’s constitutional and political debates since World War II. In particular, I wish to trace some connections in the last 50 years between developments in church-state relations and developments in race relations. Recently scholars of the First Amendment’s Religion Clauses have shown interest in how the Supreme Court’s modern decisions on that subject might have been influenced by the political, social, and cultural context of recent decades: such factors as the changing attitudes toward Roman Catholicism,1 the rise of secularism in culture,2 the position of religious minorities,3 and so forth. Like some of that other work, this Article traces the course of churchstate relations not only in the Court itself, but in the broader society. It would hardly be surprising if developments concerning church and state in the last 50 years interacted with developments in the area of race, since the latter have been so central to * Professor of Law, University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minneapolis). I presented portions of the material here at the Boston College Law Review Symposium on Separation of Church and State, in April 2002; at a Federalist Society program on â€Å"Faith Under Democracy,† in March 2002; at a summer 2001 symposium on Spirituality and Social Justice, sponsored by a grant from the Lilly Endowment; and to a fall 2001 meeting of the Colloquium on Religion and Philosophy at Samford University. I thank David Bains, Hugh Floyd, Penny Marler, [OTHERS], and the participants in those sessions for their comments on the various versions of the paper. 1See, e.g., John C. Jeffries, Jr., and James A. Ryan, A Political History of the Establishment Clause, 100 Mich. L. Rev. 279 (2001); Thomas C. Berg, Anti- Catholicism and Modern Church-State Relations, 33 Loyola U-Chi. L. Rev. 121 (2001); Douglas Laycock, The Underlying Unity of Separation and Neutrality, 46 Emory L. J. 43, __-__ (1997). 2See George W. Dent, Jr., Secularism and the Supreme Court, 1999 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 1. 3See Stephen M. Feldman, Religion-Clause Revisionism: Minorities and the Development of Religious Freedom (unpublished draft, on file with author). 2 constitutional law and moral-political debate – from the constitutional success of Brown v. Board of Education4 to the moral-political triumph of the civil rights movement to the current conflicts over how to define and achieve racial justice. The central story in church-state relations in the last 50 years has been the rise of a fairly strict separation of church and state as the overriding constitutional and moral ideal in the 1960s and 1970s, and the partial decline of that ideal from the 1980s

Kite Runner – Chapter 9

ENGLISH LITERATURE COMMENTARY THE KITE RUNNER The paragraph shows the moment of epiphany as it is the moment where Amir realizes that Hassan know that Amir had hide behind the alley when the incident happened. Amir discovers Hassan’s love for him is endless and accepts his flaws despite after everything that has happened shows in the phrase â€Å"led to another understanding: Hassan knew†. Hassan proves that his love for Amir is so great that he forgives Amir and willing to cover up for Amir once again.Hassan knows that Amir has betrayed him and yet he still takes the blame. â€Å"My heart sank† shows that Amir is shock that Hassan is willing to sacrifice again and take the blow. However it will be â€Å"Hassan’s final sacrifice† as it will be the ultimate sacrifice of Hassan and break the pain they both are undergoing. The situation isn’t the same anymore after the incident happened as their friendship is broken already and with Hassanâ€⠄¢s final sacrifice it puts down the curtain down to what happened in the alley.The connotation of the ‘snake’ shows that it is Amir who is responsible for everything and the sneaky evil. The simile also interjects the fact Amir is not loyal. â€Å"The monster in the lake† refers the dream that Hassan had before the kite competition but in this reference Amir is telling that monster do exist and he compares himself to a monster in which he is cruel and a wicked person who is liable for the whole event. â€Å"I wasn’t worthy of this sacrifice. I was a liar, a cheat, and a thief.And I would have told, except that a part of me was glad† shows that Amir realizes all his drawbacks and that he wasn’t worthy of Hassan’s sacrifice but at the same time he is glad that everything will be over. He is glad that maybe he would be able to move on and continue to his normal life again without having to think about his mischief because so far everythi ng reminds him of the incident. â€Å"I wanted that, to move on, to forget to start with a clean state.I wanted to be able to breathe again† conveys a message that after the incident he is not able to breathe properly because he always recall the bad memories and how he feels so desolate. He believes the only way to start a new clean state is for one of them to leave and with the presence of Hassan it is harder for Amir to erase the guilt and memory from his mind and he wants the memory to stop haunting him like a ghost. He wants to be able to breathe again and with the fact that Hassan is leaving he thinks that the pain would at least be over, his guilt will lessen, he wont be haunted anymore.

Second Amendment Essay - 1397 Words

In the United States, the Founding Fathers enacted the legislation that the nation was founded upon. Documents such as the Declaration of Independence, or the Constitution. The Second Amendment of the Constitution has become so deeply entrenched in American society has become an increasingly relevant and complex issue in the modern world. The Second Amendment gives the right to American citizens to have the right to bear arms. To â€Å"bear arms† means to own weapons, specifically firearms, as history has come to understand it. Thomas Jefferson was one of the Founding Fathers that contributed to this Amendment. The third President, Thomas Jefferson was thought to be a believer of classical liberalism. He believed that the heart of society was†¦show more content†¦Developing stricter gun laws in the United States can lower the amount of crime that is committed using firearms, as well as to prevent accidental death, homicides and suicides. Gun control is effective, and many nations have the statistics to prove that. Firearms have a place in society, but it is not in the name of self-protection. The source is somewhat incorrect, as gun control is necessary, but it does not mean that all firearms should be eliminated. Since January 1, 2017, the United States witnessed approximately 300 mass shootings, which can be characterized as an incident where a gunman kills four or more randomly-selected individuals in the same general time and location. This comes to about 7-8 shootings a week. In comparison Canada has had one in the same time period. This staggering disparity can be attributed to the differences in firearm laws between the two nations. Canada has much stricter laws. For example, if a Canadian was to purchase a semi-automatic weapon, they would need to first obtain a specific firearms licence, have the authorization to transport and be a member of a registered gun club. In the same situation, an American would simply need to complete a backg round check within the gun store, and buy the weapon. Firearms can be easily bought in the United States, and that has facilitated the number of mass shootings they witness yearly. Opposition to the idea of a moreShow MoreRelatedSecond Amendment Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Amendment Essay Guns, used for a wide variety of things, such as hunting, sports, and defense. Though destructive, guns have their uses. But what allows citizens to own guns in the U.S.? The answer to that question is the 2nd amendment. The amendment states that citizens can bear guns, and that a free state should have a good militia. At the end of the amendment, the amendment states that it should not be infringed. Back in 2012 Obama was claimed to try to take away guns. Should guns be takenRead MoreSecond Amendment Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most highly debated amendments of the United States Constitution is the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment has been disputed for hundreds of years on exactly of its exact true meaning. The United States Constitution wrote the Second Amendment as â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The argument that has lasted for centuries begins with the first part â€Å"A well regulated militia†Read MoreEssay about The Second Amendment1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† - Second Amendment. Throughout history, this sentence of twenty seven words has caused an intense debate. The polemic is that some people claim that a gun control policy is unconstitutional, while others disagree and even say it is necessary in order to reduce crime. Now, what does gun control mean? If it means to analyze who is responsible enough toRead MoreBenefits of the Second Amendment Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesdocument, it can be changed in the form of Amendments. The Bill of Rights is a collection of the first Ten Amendments. These alterations voiced the demand for freedoms of religion, speech, and protest, along with others previously held b ack by the King. It is because of the Bill of Rights that the new Constitution prospered into the most powerful document in the United States. Among these powerful Amendments is the Right to Bear Arms (the Second Amendment. It declares, â€Å"A well regulated Militia,Read MoreThe Second Amendment vs Gun Control Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesto try anything that could save one child, but many people find this statement to be ridiculous. Gun control is thought of as a government policy or regulations to control or limit the sale and use of firearms. In the U.S. constitution, the 2nd Amendment states that a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Inside America today, gun control is a major issue, especially in the political arena. PeopleRead MoreThe Second Amendment and Gun control Essay examples685 Words   |  3 Pagespeople.†(Luke Scott) I believe this quote is accurate because the more the government tries to make gun control less of a problem the more of our second amendment right is being taken away. There a re number of ways that a criminal can obtain a gun, legally or illegally, but an honest citizen will go through through the legal process. Taking our 2nd amendment will only make the people vulnerable to government power. James Q. Wilson a former teacher at Harvard University understands that taking gunsRead More The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay2183 Words   |  9 PagesThe Second Amendment And The Right To Bear Arms Throughout the years there has been an ongoing debate over the Second Amendment and how it should be interpreted. The issue that is being debated is whether our government has the right to regulate guns. The answer of who has which rights lies within how one interprets the Second Amendment. With this being the case, one must also think about what circumstances the Framers were under when this Amendment was written. There are two major sides toRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Second Amendment1250 Words   |  5 Pages America’s Second Amendment The second amendment, not only a right in the United States but today it is also a huge topic of debate. A large majority of citizens want to enforce gun control and another majority want to exercise their second amendment with no boundaries. This right has its positive and negative views due to the way people decide to use their weapons. Some individuals immediately think of violence when hearing the word â€Å"gun†. Guns and violence have a lot in relation and thatRead MoreRepeal The Second Amendment Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesRepeal the Second Amendment You can t move past it. You can t sweep it under the rug, expresses a surviving Sandy Hook School teacher. We have to honor the horror by paying tribute to what happened, what people went through and what it was like for everyone (Blickley, 2016). The brutal murder of twenty beautiful children and seven brave adults at Sandy Hook elementary school was a tragic event that shook, not only, Newtown, Connecticut, but the whole nation to its very core. However, thisRead MoreEssay on Gun Ownership and the Second Amendment of the Constitution1624 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Second Amendment Over the centuries, the Supreme Court has always ruled that the 2nd Amendment protects the states militias rights to bear arms, and that this protection does not extend to individuals. In fact, legal scholars consider the issue settled law. For this reason, the gun lobby does not fight for its perceived constitutional right to keep and bear arms before the Supreme Court, but in Congress. Interestingly, even interpreting an individual right in the 2nd Amendment presents

Application Of A Nursing Theory - 2111 Words

Application of Nursing Theory Author’s name Institutional affiliation Introduction The use of nursing theories has practical use and benefits in the clinical nursing practice. One of the pillars of professional clinical nursing practice is patient safety and nurses are required to exercise the initiatives of improving patient care and treatment outcomes. Nursing theories are built from the dynamic process of using nursing science and are reproduced through research and its development by analysis and development of nursing principles (Bousso, Poles and Cruz, 2013). The nursing practice should be systematic and must evolve within the framework of professionalism. Nurse managers and clinical nurse practitioners should be guided with basic nursing theories and principles that will help them obtain better insight on what are the best nursing practices to execute that will yield the best patient outcome. Nursing theories introduce sets of concepts and principles that are often derived from nursing models or other disciplines. This provides nurses a systemat ic view of events that helps them to design the most appropriate approach to undertake in the delivery of nursing care and in the professional practice of the nursing profession. The Nursing Process Theory of Ida Jean Orlando is one of the nursing theories that are helpful in solving issues in the delivery of nursing care and nursing administration. The main concept of this theory is to demonstrateShow MoreRelatedNursing Theory : Application Of Nursing Theories4442 Words   |  18 PagesRunning head: NURSING THEORIES 1 APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORIES 2 Application of Nursing Theories Beatrice Mitchell MSN6003 ? Professional Nursing Practice Framework, Scope, and Role Unit 4 ? Assignment 1 8/7/16 Rhonda Hendricks Capella University Application of Nursing Theories Florence Nightingale and four nursing theorists are listed and analyzed in the taxonomy table in part I. A comprehensive summary of the nursing theories and a reflection on how each theory relates to theRead MoreThe Application Of Nursing Theories1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Application of Nursing Theories: Nursing Theory and Me Nursing theories provide a foundation for nurses to professionally base their judgment of care. Florence Nightingale was one of the first nursing theorists. Theories composed by Nightingale were composed of practice-based theories and environmental theories. Nightingale’s environmental theory is composed of 13 cannons which are fundamental to her theory. Nightingale’s theories continue to be used by present day nurses and nursing studentsRead MoreApplication Of Nursing Theory For Nursing1847 Words   |  8 PagesApplication of Nursing Theory Nursing theories are a great framework in nursing practice and assists in the positive impact in patient care. According to Kuhrik, Laub, Kuhrik, Atwater (2011), there are thoughts that in the future nursing will embark on some challenges especially oncology, due to the fact of an aging population among the elderly. The authors believe that the theoretical framework enhances the practice of nursing and aides in staff retention, patient satisfaction, and clinicalRead MoreApplication Of Non Nursing Theories1421 Words   |  6 PagesApplication of Non-nursing Theories in Healthcare Chaos Theory Developed as part of theories that dwell on systems rather than individual components this theory postulates that chaos is necessary in the creation of order and in fact, order and chaos are inherent components of each other. The theory, according to McEwen and Wills is guided by the principle that everything is interrelated and that order emerges from chaos (McEwen Wills, 2014). Order and chaos are not only inherent in each other butRead MoreThe Application Of Transcultural Nursing Theory1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe application of transcultural nursing theory guides nurses to care for patients with different cultures. However, nursing scholars are beginning to explore that cultural education in nursing is not discussing the power relations found between the nurse-patient relationship and health care institutions. It has been suggested that nursing curricula needs to change from teaching cultural phenomena and incorporating critical theory to address social injustices that harm th e client’s health. The purposeRead MoreApplication Of Theory For Clinical Nursing Practice1278 Words   |  6 PagesApplication of Theory The role of theory in clinical nursing practice is to guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing care. Theory in nursing practice provides a rationale for collecting reliable and valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision making and implementation. Nursing theory also serves as a guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing practice. Theories can address important questions for nursing units. TheoriesRead MoreTheory of Chronic Sorrow and Nursing Application1200 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Theory of Chronic Sorrow and Nursing Application The theory of chronic sorrow is a middle range nursing theory explored largely by Georgene Gaskill Eakes, Mary Lermnann Burke and Maragret A. Hainsworth. The theory provides framework for understanding and working with individuals who have experienced a significant loss of a loved one. As stated by Eakes et al. (1998, p. 179), Chronic sorrow is described as â€Å"†¦the periodic recurrence of permanent, pervasive sadness or other grief related feelingsRead MoreApplication of Social Learning and Nursing Theories1907 Words   |  8 PagesAPPLICATION OF LEARNING AND NURSING THEORIES Introduction Several learning theories have been put forward to explain how learning takes place in individuals. These theories have found application in formal learning situations including nursing education and training. In addition, a number of nursing theories also aim to prescribe the best approach to the practice of nursing in a professional environment. Of the learning theories, social learning theory takes into account the role of the environmentRead MoreApplication Of Nursing Theory Of Goal Attainment Essay2061 Words   |  9 Pages Application of Nursing Theory Diana Kim Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice October 2016 â€Æ' Application of Nursing Theory: Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Imogene King’s theory of goal attainment (Smith Parker, 2015) is widely utilized in patient care activities, but its universal significance allows it to be applied to practice by nursing leadership, to address staff performance, and job satisfaction issues. It is importantRead MoreApplication Of Theory Within Current Nursing Issues Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Theory in Current Nursing Issues In the profession of Nursing, we are faced with different challenges daily. Some of the most common problem that we faced today are patient workloads, unit dynamics, new interns, difficult family members, and patient safety. I believe the most significant difficulty nurses faces today is the nurse-patient ratio. In New York, we currently do not have a legislation that sets the number of patients assigned to a nurse. The ratio is set by the administrators

Comparing Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by William...

Comparison between William Blake and William Wordsworth’s Views of London William Blake grew up in the slums of London and this is shown in his poem, he wrote his poem in the slums and back alleys of London as he never had very much money. He describes London as being â€Å"charter’d†, this gives us the impression that everything has rules and boundaries in London, and that there is no mystery to be discovered. Also chartered means on a map, almost as if it is owned, by the king perhaps. The line in which the word is on, â€Å"I wander through each charter’d street, near where the charter’d Thames does flow,† makes us feel as if every thing is owned and nothing is natural, like all the people in London are prisoners of society The ending†¦show more content†¦This could also have two meanings, as it could mean that the harlots could catch a deadly sexually transmitted disease, or it could also mean that they had little means of contraception, and this would lead to childbirth which was very dangerous at the time. In the final line of the poem Blake uses a shocking line as he says, â€Å"And blights which plagues the marriage-hearse.† This ties in with the previous line as this is a reference to a new life, â€Å"marriage† and death, â€Å"hearse† this could be linked to the fact that, if the â€Å"harlot† were to give birth, then there is a very real chance she could die while she is giving birth to the child, which is the new life. I will now discuss William Wordsworth’s view of London and his background. William Wordsworth did not grow up in London, so he did not know the hardships of growing up there. Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District and moved to London when he was an adult, he was also a lot richer than Blake so he moved to the higher class part of London. He did not see London though the same eyes as Blake. William Wordsworth talks about London in a very different way than Blake, as this is how he sees it. Wordsworth almost describes London as if it were a lady, rather than a city. â€Å"This City now doth, like a garment, wear†, the reason he used this phase, is to create a vision in our head of the magnificent view of London’s landscape, this vision is also created by the line, â€Å"Ships, towers, domes, theatres,Show MoreRelatedComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake London was, is and undoubtedly always will be, a city of enormous interest and controversy, especially for those employed in the field of writing. The two poems, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, 1802, by William Wordsworth and London, 1794, by William Blake, demonstrate this through their opposing views. The intention of both WilliamRead MoreWilliam Blake And William Wordsworth1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthose poets are William Blake and William Wordsworth. Although Blake was a contemporary of the era, he had a little in common with Wordsworth. Religion is the focus of Blake’s visionary works, which does not exist in any other Romantic poetry. William Blake uses satire in most of his work to criticize the corrupting influence of religion on imagination. For Wordsworth, nature was like a religion. He talks about his own spiritual life when he refers to nature. According to Wordsworth, being alive meantRead MoreEssay on Compare London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge2519 Words   |  11 PagesCompare London by William Blake and Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3rd 1802 by William Wordsworth. As a part of my coursework for GCSE English, I will be comparing two poems written about London in nineteenth century. The two poems I have chosen to write about are: London by William Blake and Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3rd 1802 by William Wordsworth. Both poems give their own, different accounts of London at around the same period. One is written with a