Philippa Foots Hypothetical Imperatives Essay - 1261 Words

Philippa Foots Hypothetical Imperatives Philippa Foot finds trouble with the arguments of Kant, who said that it was necessary to distinguish moral judgments from hypothetical imperatives. Although this may have become an unquestionable truth, Foot says that this is a misunderstanding. Kant defined a hypothetical imperative as an action that addresses what should or ought to be done. He believed that the necessity of performing a certain action was based on other desires. This particular action would only be important if it was beneficial for another reason. It is prudent that a man feel the responsibility to achieve his own wants. However, Kant speaks of a second group of imperatives known as categorical imperatives.†¦show more content†¦In addition, this man cannot argue that the moral advice he has been given is against his interests. This connection requires a different kind of support. There is a clear difference between moral judgments and hypothetical imperatives. In saying that moral judgments are categorical imperatives, Kant is signifying them as unique and special in nature. This is an area in which modern philosophers find accord with Kants ideas. These philosophers all agree that an unconditional requirement exists in moral judgments. In these types of judgments, there are pre-legislated right and wrong actions. These rules are absolute, and it is for this reason that moral judgments are distinguished from hypothetical imperatives. The trouble is found when one attempts to find the feature of moral judgments which gives them reason to be absolute and binding. The fault is that should is also used in a non-hypothetical way in non-moral statements, but in these statements there is no special dignity given to the statement. An example of this is the should of Etiquette. Rules of etiquette are common issues in which considering the use of the word should is helpful. Again, as in a moral judgment, the should is being used in a non-hypothetical form. For example, it is common etiquette that if a man receives an invitation in the third person, he shall respond to the invitation in the same form. Similarly to moral judgments, the rule is sustainedShow MoreRelatedThe Flaws Of Foots Moral System Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives,† Philippa Foot argues that moral judgments are in hypothetical imperatives rather than categorical imperatives. For Kant, categorical imperatives are actions that are good in themselves and do not depend on desires, while, hypothetical imperatives are â€Å"actions that are good to some purpose† (306). According to Foot, hypothetical imperatives alone serve as the basis of moral judgments because categorical imperatives give us no reason to obey themRead MoreThe ory Of Morality As A System Of Hypothetical Imperatives Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesCircular Reasoning in Foot’s Moral System In â€Å"Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives†, Philippa Foot argues against Immanuel Kant, that morality exists in hypothetical imperatives rather than categorical imperatives. For Kant, categorical imperatives alone serve as moral commands, and it would be impossible for a moral system to be based on hypothetical imperatives because such imperatives serve as means to ends and result from maxims that cannot be universalized into perfect duties. DespiteRead More Responses to the Challenge of Amoralism Essay example3571 Words   |  15 Pagesmoral considerations are reasons for everyone, including him, to act. Indeed, he knows that this tendency is so strong that we habitually use moral reasons and moral considerations interchangeably. But Alf also knows, perhaps from reading Philippa Foot, that to say that moral considerations are called reasons is blatantly to ignore the problem. The problem, as Alf sees it, is that he differs from other people. He has no goals or desires, or anything else, through which moral considerationsRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill, And The Deontological Theory Of Ethics1873 Words   |  8 Pagesdrawing attention to and/or raising awareness for various humanitarian crises, such as the massive destruction in Puerto Rico that has left the entire island in ruin or refugee Rohingya people fleeing persecution in Myanmar and Bangladesh, it is imperative to understand the logistics of possible relief efforts through a philosophical lens. Two well-developed theories that offer solutions to such problems are Utilitarianism, proposed by John Stuart Mill, and the Deontological Theory of Ethics, advocatedRead MoreAnalysing The Supreme Principle Of Morality1809 Words   |  8 Pagesdemonstrate the function of what Kant calls the â€Å"Categorical imperative†. The purpose of this essay is to first explain the conception of Kant’s Categorical imperative. It will then discuss the application of this within his Universal Law formulation, as well as within the formula of Humanity. Finally, it will investigate and critique the inconsistency of Kant’s Categorical imperative theory. Before one can discuss how the Categorical imperative works in its main formulations, it is important to understand

Reconstruction in the 20th Century Essay examples - 584 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The beginning of the 20th century was a memorable time in history for the United States. This time period drastically changed our country politically and socially by reform. The Presidents that ruled our country during this era were especially powerful and made many differences, women and African Americans were starting to take a stand, and our country was able to make it all the way through the Great Depression. All of these events that took place in the early 1900s helped our country regain strength and find a balance of its power. The act of reformation, helped to strongly shape America into what it has become today. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the Great Depression hit our country in 1893, we went†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since the Civil War, business influences had dominated government to such an extent that big business practically ran the government† (Angel, vol.1). Americans wanted to change the way government worked and allow the people to have more say in things. Several political parties were formed in the early 1900s to promote labor reforms. An example of this would be Eugene Debs who ran for the socialist party and was a strong supporter of labor reform. Socially, women and African Americans were becoming more active across the country. After numerous struggles, the 19th amendment was passed in 1920 to allow women suffrage. If women were never given the chance to vote, our world would be strangely different. Also, the lynching numbers notably decreased from 1900 to 1915 to show that African Americans were not being mistreated as much as before. The reformers that supported the issues of women suffrage and the treatment of African Americans also strived for improvements in living conditions, additional options for educations and changes in industrialization. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is evident that the first two decades of the 20th century made up a very progressive time period in American history. If one was to go back in time and erase the beginning of the 19th century, our country would not be anything like what it is now. This time period helped to shape what the United States is today by taking chances and making differences. Reformers were speaking outShow MoreRelatedThe Tyranny Of White Majority Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom, has been struggling with lingering racism and discrimination throughout the 19th and 20th century. Democratic reform throughout the century were implanted to eliminate the â€Å"tyranny of the white majority† Yet many scholars like Tocqueville, Fredrick Harris and WEB DuBois have challenged these results. The reality is that the tyranny of white majority has continued throughout the 18th to the 21st century resulting in a society that has suppressed and constantly failed to integrate Afric an AmericanRead MoreThe Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of civil rights was a major one throughout the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and remained so throughout the period leading up to the Korean War in the 1960s. The civil rights struggle was caused largely by southern states’ treatment of African Americans. Slavery was a rampant practice in the pre-Civil War south, and even those African Americans who managed to obtain their freedom were not treated as equals to other citizens in the southern states. Free black men did not have theRead MoreBlack Americans And The Civil War Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages In Post-Reconstruction time, Black Americans were left reeling from the aftermath of the Civil War, and Reconstruction inadequate attempt to right the wrongs of history. They also faced the horror and humiliation of Jim Crow, the terror of the Ku Klux Klan and other like-minded organizations, and the weight of oppressive legislation. These challenges resided in the consciousness of Black Americans at the turn of the 19th century, and carried on into the 20th century. The 20th century is referredRead MoreThe End Of The 20th Century1544 Words   |  7 PagesHistory since the end of the Civil War to the end of the 20th century has changed drastically when you asses America on an economic, social, and political level. The changes between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century are the cause in the way America has been shaped and how American’s think. In fact, industrialization and urbanization, equal rights for all citizens, and two world wars played a major role in the shape of America to our understanding. Although, there are numerousRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech By Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.926 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States during the 20th century, and may still be in a few areas today, he was not only addressing the problem of it, but the equality of men. In his speech he quoted words directly from the Declaration of Independence stating, â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal† (King, Jr). Even though the United States was founded two whole centuries before the MLK’s speechRead MoreThe Nadir of Race Relations by John Boles: Article Analysis897 Words   |  4 Pageslesser extent, the political conditions for African Americans in the Southern part of the United States from approximately 1870 to 1930. These dates are of fairly significant importance, since they signal the historical epoch after the end of Reconstruction in which several laws and were passed to help enfranchise African Americans throughout the country and in the South in particular and the start of the Great Depression, the latter of which created a global economic spiral that greatly reducedRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1080 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois, DuBois argues his point-of-view on racial tensions in the south dur ing and after Reconstruction. DuBois was a key figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about raceRead MoreDifferences Between Modernism And Postmodernism1576 Words   |  7 PagesArchitectures movement in the 20th century’s, and found inspiration in the movements and the way the two movements has made a massive impact in the world of Architecture world Modernism Looking into the modern Architecture movement I found out that, Modernism is the single most important new style or philosophy of architecture and design of the 20th century, associated with an inquisitiveRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1522 Words   |  7 Pageswas forfeit; most banks and railroads were bankrupt. Income per person in the South dropped to less than 40% of that of the North, a condition that lasted until well into the 20th century. Southern influence in the U.S. federal government, previously considerable, was greatly diminished until the latter half of the 20th century. By warning that free blacks would flood the North, Democrats made gains in the 1862 elections, but they did not gain control of Congress. The Republicans counterargumentRead MoreFelony Disenfranchisement And Its Effects On The State Of Residency843 Words   |  4 PagesFel ony disenfranchisement is a law that was made in the 20th century. Disenfranchisement refers to restrictions on which convicted felons are not allowed to vote. The United States’ disenfranchisement law places drastic effects on felons in their state of residency by preventing them from voting. English colonists brought disenfranchisement to America as a punishment for felons’ criminal behavior. Committing a crime showed that they were unfit to be included in political events. There is a lot of

Thank You Letter Free Essays

THUA THIEN HUE UNION OF FRIENDSHIP ORGANIZATIONS 25 NGUYEN VAN CU HUE CITY, VIETNAM TEL: +84 54 3846493 FAX: +84 54 3846493 Website: huefo. org. vn Email: huefriendship@gmail. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now com THANK YOU LETTER To: Sunflower Mission Organizations, the US Thua Thien Hue Union of Friendship Organizations would like to give greetings to your organization. The program of Phong Thu 2 and Quang Loi 2 primary school construction as well as workcamp activities at Quang Loi 2 primary school, Quang Dien, Thua Thien Hue was successfully taken place. We highly appreciate this result because of your timely support and reinforcing of Infrastructure to promote education quality in these needy localities. More importantly, this is a very beautiful picture of Vietnamese people living in USA who always give warm care and practical help to our hometown. The results were reported to provincial bureaus and highly appreciated. Hence we appreciate the important role of Mr. Dao Nhat Tuan – the Sunflower Mission’s Chairman as well as other members of the management board in US. Concurrently, we also acknowledge the efforts and enthusiasm of Ms. Dang Thi Ngoc Lang in close coordinating with us to conduct this project. We hope that Sunflower Misson will be always the core team in gathering more and more Overseas Vietnamese, especially the Youth towards our country. Simultaneously, we also hope you will continue to corporate closely with us in coming time’s projects and activities. Once again, we would like to express our deep gratitude to you and we wish you good health and a more developed organization. Sincerely, LE VAN ANH How to cite Thank You Letter, Papers