Race Relations :: essays research papers

1 Race Relations and Modern Church-State Relations Thomas C. Berg* This article concerns religion and race – two controversial subjects that have figured prominently in America’s constitutional and political debates since World War II. In particular, I wish to trace some connections in the last 50 years between developments in church-state relations and developments in race relations. Recently scholars of the First Amendment’s Religion Clauses have shown interest in how the Supreme Court’s modern decisions on that subject might have been influenced by the political, social, and cultural context of recent decades: such factors as the changing attitudes toward Roman Catholicism,1 the rise of secularism in culture,2 the position of religious minorities,3 and so forth. Like some of that other work, this Article traces the course of churchstate relations not only in the Court itself, but in the broader society. It would hardly be surprising if developments concerning church and state in the last 50 years interacted with developments in the area of race, since the latter have been so central to * Professor of Law, University of St. Thomas School of Law (Minneapolis). I presented portions of the material here at the Boston College Law Review Symposium on Separation of Church and State, in April 2002; at a Federalist Society program on â€Å"Faith Under Democracy,† in March 2002; at a summer 2001 symposium on Spirituality and Social Justice, sponsored by a grant from the Lilly Endowment; and to a fall 2001 meeting of the Colloquium on Religion and Philosophy at Samford University. I thank David Bains, Hugh Floyd, Penny Marler, [OTHERS], and the participants in those sessions for their comments on the various versions of the paper. 1See, e.g., John C. Jeffries, Jr., and James A. Ryan, A Political History of the Establishment Clause, 100 Mich. L. Rev. 279 (2001); Thomas C. Berg, Anti- Catholicism and Modern Church-State Relations, 33 Loyola U-Chi. L. Rev. 121 (2001); Douglas Laycock, The Underlying Unity of Separation and Neutrality, 46 Emory L. J. 43, __-__ (1997). 2See George W. Dent, Jr., Secularism and the Supreme Court, 1999 B.Y.U. L. Rev. 1. 3See Stephen M. Feldman, Religion-Clause Revisionism: Minorities and the Development of Religious Freedom (unpublished draft, on file with author). 2 constitutional law and moral-political debate – from the constitutional success of Brown v. Board of Education4 to the moral-political triumph of the civil rights movement to the current conflicts over how to define and achieve racial justice. The central story in church-state relations in the last 50 years has been the rise of a fairly strict separation of church and state as the overriding constitutional and moral ideal in the 1960s and 1970s, and the partial decline of that ideal from the 1980s

Kite Runner – Chapter 9

ENGLISH LITERATURE COMMENTARY THE KITE RUNNER The paragraph shows the moment of epiphany as it is the moment where Amir realizes that Hassan know that Amir had hide behind the alley when the incident happened. Amir discovers Hassan’s love for him is endless and accepts his flaws despite after everything that has happened shows in the phrase â€Å"led to another understanding: Hassan knew†. Hassan proves that his love for Amir is so great that he forgives Amir and willing to cover up for Amir once again.Hassan knows that Amir has betrayed him and yet he still takes the blame. â€Å"My heart sank† shows that Amir is shock that Hassan is willing to sacrifice again and take the blow. However it will be â€Å"Hassan’s final sacrifice† as it will be the ultimate sacrifice of Hassan and break the pain they both are undergoing. The situation isn’t the same anymore after the incident happened as their friendship is broken already and with Hassanâ€⠄¢s final sacrifice it puts down the curtain down to what happened in the alley.The connotation of the ‘snake’ shows that it is Amir who is responsible for everything and the sneaky evil. The simile also interjects the fact Amir is not loyal. â€Å"The monster in the lake† refers the dream that Hassan had before the kite competition but in this reference Amir is telling that monster do exist and he compares himself to a monster in which he is cruel and a wicked person who is liable for the whole event. â€Å"I wasn’t worthy of this sacrifice. I was a liar, a cheat, and a thief.And I would have told, except that a part of me was glad† shows that Amir realizes all his drawbacks and that he wasn’t worthy of Hassan’s sacrifice but at the same time he is glad that everything will be over. He is glad that maybe he would be able to move on and continue to his normal life again without having to think about his mischief because so far everythi ng reminds him of the incident. â€Å"I wanted that, to move on, to forget to start with a clean state.I wanted to be able to breathe again† conveys a message that after the incident he is not able to breathe properly because he always recall the bad memories and how he feels so desolate. He believes the only way to start a new clean state is for one of them to leave and with the presence of Hassan it is harder for Amir to erase the guilt and memory from his mind and he wants the memory to stop haunting him like a ghost. He wants to be able to breathe again and with the fact that Hassan is leaving he thinks that the pain would at least be over, his guilt will lessen, he wont be haunted anymore.

Second Amendment Essay - 1397 Words

In the United States, the Founding Fathers enacted the legislation that the nation was founded upon. Documents such as the Declaration of Independence, or the Constitution. The Second Amendment of the Constitution has become so deeply entrenched in American society has become an increasingly relevant and complex issue in the modern world. The Second Amendment gives the right to American citizens to have the right to bear arms. To â€Å"bear arms† means to own weapons, specifically firearms, as history has come to understand it. Thomas Jefferson was one of the Founding Fathers that contributed to this Amendment. The third President, Thomas Jefferson was thought to be a believer of classical liberalism. He believed that the heart of society was†¦show more content†¦Developing stricter gun laws in the United States can lower the amount of crime that is committed using firearms, as well as to prevent accidental death, homicides and suicides. Gun control is effective, and many nations have the statistics to prove that. Firearms have a place in society, but it is not in the name of self-protection. The source is somewhat incorrect, as gun control is necessary, but it does not mean that all firearms should be eliminated. Since January 1, 2017, the United States witnessed approximately 300 mass shootings, which can be characterized as an incident where a gunman kills four or more randomly-selected individuals in the same general time and location. This comes to about 7-8 shootings a week. In comparison Canada has had one in the same time period. This staggering disparity can be attributed to the differences in firearm laws between the two nations. Canada has much stricter laws. For example, if a Canadian was to purchase a semi-automatic weapon, they would need to first obtain a specific firearms licence, have the authorization to transport and be a member of a registered gun club. In the same situation, an American would simply need to complete a backg round check within the gun store, and buy the weapon. Firearms can be easily bought in the United States, and that has facilitated the number of mass shootings they witness yearly. Opposition to the idea of a moreShow MoreRelatedSecond Amendment Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Amendment Essay Guns, used for a wide variety of things, such as hunting, sports, and defense. Though destructive, guns have their uses. But what allows citizens to own guns in the U.S.? The answer to that question is the 2nd amendment. The amendment states that citizens can bear guns, and that a free state should have a good militia. At the end of the amendment, the amendment states that it should not be infringed. Back in 2012 Obama was claimed to try to take away guns. Should guns be takenRead MoreSecond Amendment Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most highly debated amendments of the United States Constitution is the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment has been disputed for hundreds of years on exactly of its exact true meaning. The United States Constitution wrote the Second Amendment as â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The argument that has lasted for centuries begins with the first part â€Å"A well regulated militia†Read MoreEssay about The Second Amendment1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† - Second Amendment. Throughout history, this sentence of twenty seven words has caused an intense debate. 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